This page is intended as a supplement to the article on designing
CATV and MATV distribution systems. It will inform those who are new to cable about
the various channels and their true carrier frequencies. This information is
required in order to design the cable distribution network for the highest desired
operating frequency. There are two frequency charts that are linked
from this page. One chart covers the standard over-the-air
broadcast channel numbers and their frequencies. The
second chart provides data for the standard cable channels (CATV / EIA). The
standard broadcast channels are the twelve VHF channels 2 through 6 and 7 through
13. The UHF channels are numbered 14 to 83, but some of these channels have been
reassigned to other types of non-television communications services. All of these
broadcast channels have three valid frequencies for each and every channel. The
frequency shown for each channel is the "center frequency" of the NTSC visual
carrier for that channel. In order to minimize interference between two television
stations that could share the same channel number, a 10-kilohertz frequency offset is
assigned to television stations that are nearby (200 miles is typical). The three
valid picture carrier frequencies for a US television station operating on channel 2 would
be 55.240 MHz, 55.250 MHz and 55.260 MHz. There are no other channel 2 video
transmitter frequencies for use in the United States. The same plus and minus 10
kilohertz spacings apply to all VHF and UHF television channels for broadcast transmission
in the US.
The color and sound information contained in an NTSC television signal will
have the following frequency offsets from the video carrier frequencies. The color sub-carrier has a frequency of 3.579545 MHz. This
sub-carrier is phase modulated with the color information of the picture and occupies
approximately 1 MHz of bandwidth. The sound carrier is a frequency modulated signal
with an average frequency of 4.5 MHz, plus or minus 1 kilohertz. The occupied
bandwidth of this signal is approximately 75 kilohertz or less. When digital
television signals become widespread, there will be a single carrier with all video and
audio information as part of the digital bit stream. The resulting quadrature
modulated carrier will be centered in the 6 MHz channel. The standard NTSC video
carriers are normally 1.25 MHz above the lower band edge of the channel, while the sound
carrier is 0.25 MHz below the upper band edge of the channel. These two offsets are
the result of the 4.5 MHz difference in the two carrier frequencies.
As for the cable channels, there are different rules. Since the signals
are to be kept inside the coaxial cable environment, many additional channel frequencies
exist. In the event of signal leakage into the air, the channels which could
interfere with aviation radio navigation and communications have frequency offsets applied
to them of 12.5 kilohertz or 25 kilohertz. Any other cable channel which does not
pose a risk to aviation frequencies will not have a frequency offset.
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